The Impact of the Documents of the Protestant Reformation

The Impact of the Documents of the Protestant Reformation The documents of the Protestant Reformation offer a tremendous amount of significance for World History as they were symbols of tremendously revolutionary events. Their impact was widespread and across continents for many years, resulting in a reevaluation of monarchies, spirituality and ones relationship with the divine. Context The documents of the Reformation pushed people into a situation where they had to make a definitive decision regarding their personal religion, whether they were going to be Catholic or Protestant. While today such a decision might seem purely personal and private, such a decision in the 1500s in many ways could be a matter of life and death, given the intense religious wars in that time period (Kreis, 2009). The reformation took place during the 16th century as a manifestation of widespread dissatisfaction with the Church which occurred at all levels of European society (Kreis, 2009). Many Christians were on a journey seeking personal salvation and generally didnt find the Churchs focus on rituals terribly conducive to such a goal; this time marked a decided shift from the salvation of entire groups of people to something more intimate and individual (Kreis, 2009). The sacraments had become forms of ritualized behavior that no longer spoke to the people of Europe. They had become d evoid of meaning. And since more people were congregating in towns and cities, they could observeShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The Printing Press932 Words   |  4 Pagestwo effects were the exploration of the Americas and the Protestant Reformation. Exploration was Colombus and his explorers â€Å"discovering† America. The printing press had great influence on these events. The Protestant Reformation was also shaped by the printing press, in some cases more than exploration. The Protestant Reformation, or more simply, The Reformation, was a mass conversion of people from the Catholic Church to the Protestant Church. The citizens of Europe started to access more informationRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Protestant Reformation took place in the 16th century and was a major European movement whose goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. This movement led to people worshipping God as th ey wanted and no longer relying on the Catholic Church for guidance with religious matters. Even though people were doing what they believed, the Protestant Reformation brought many conflicts. Religious disagreements caused bloody conflicts all over Europe. The principal figureRead MoreThe Legacy of Edward VI as Explained in Tudor Church Militant: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation923 Words   |  4 Pagesand the Protestant Reformation. London, Penguin Books, 2001. The foundation of this book comes from a series of Birkbeck lectures which the author, Diarmaid MacCulloch, delivered at the University of Cambridge in the Lent term of 1998. MacCulloch’s purpose in writing Tudor Church Militant: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation were to voice his argument that the Edwardian reformation was a critical moment in the progress of the Anglican Church and the establishing of England’s Protestant identityRead MoreMartin Luther and the Catholic Church894 Words   |  4 Pageswhat his works taught. The Protestant Reformation was a movement during the 16th century, which aimed to reform some beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. The reformation was led by a German monk named Martin Luther and was further modified by John Calvin, a French theologian and Henry VIII, the king of England. The ideas bought forward by these individuals started the Protestant Reformation, which triggered wars, prosecutions and the Counter-Reformat ion. Martin Luther was responsibleRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1326 Words   |  6 Pagespower. Thus the Religious Reformation period was the most important time because new religions were formed and the RCC had all the power. Indeed supporters of the Reformation Religions believe that this time had the biggest impact because during this time new religions were created and millions changed faith. In his text â€Å"Martin Luther† the author argues that â€Å"Martin Luther as a Christian theologist and Augustinian monk whose teachings inspired the Protestant Reformation†. Martin Luther was theRead MoreFive Solae Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pageslifestyle, based on private prayer, worship, study, and individual ethical choice. This was difficult for many to do.† Not only was the Protestant Reformation a crucial time in the history of Europe, but also in the history of the entire world. The Protestant Reformation marked a massive alteration of religion. New religious ideas flourished during the Reformation, thus, challenging the beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church. A storm of question began to emerge against the Roman Catholic Church becauseRead MoreDifferent Impacts on Religion1067 Words   |  5 PagesLuther’s Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation had an immense impact on religion. Martin Luther’s document would pave the way for the Protestant Reformation, while Louis XIV would revoke all the freedoms that the Huguenots enjoyed in a Catholic France with the Edict of Nantes. This essay will compare and contrast these distinctions and their impact on religion. Therefore, although years apart, these two documents lead a paradigm shift, address what they believe to be â€Å"evils† plaguing theirRead MoreDBQ: Causes of the Protestant Reformation739 Words   |  3 PagesThere are approximately eight hundred million Protestant Christians currently in the world with it being the second largest Christian domination (Fairchild). However, there are over a billion followers of the Roman Catholic faith and it curre ntly stands as the Christian domination with the most followers (Fairchild). If it were not for the German monk, Martin Luther, most Christians would have been Roman Catholic in the present. Martin Luther is famous for â€Å"95 Theses† that critiqued the practicesRead MoreThe German Reformer Martin Luther930 Words   |  4 Pages The German reformer Martin Luther was the first and greatest figure in the sixteenth-century Reformation. An author of commentaries on Scripture , theology, and priestly abuses, a hymnologist (writer of hymns [sacred songs]), and a preacher, from his own time to the present he has been a symbol of Protestantism (group of Christian faiths that do not believe in the supremacy of the pope, but in the absolute authority of the Bible). Luther had an intriguing childhood with his father, a majorRead MoreThe Religious Conscience Of Europe1178 Words   |  5 Pagespersonal faith, and minister to the needs of others. Communication resources have bec ome the glue that holds together nations, corporations, faith communities and families. This has not always been true, the many events of the sixteenth century Reformation vastly influenced the development of Christianity. As the fifteenth century closed, it was clear that the church was struggling and in need of reform. Corruption of the papacy was widespread and distrust filled the minds of the people. Historian

Video Games And Its Effect On Behavior - 1378 Words

Video games (electronic games that can be played on one’s computer, television or any display screen) are popular today adolescents. Although games are fun and entertaining many people worry about the violent content within some games. Violent video gaming has been a huge topic of concern because people fear it will lead to aggressive behavior. Although there is considerable evidence that link violent video games to aggressive behavior and cognition, the interpretation of the connection differs in each study and the fact still remains, the debate is ongoing. In the United States, about 97% of teen’s between the ages of 12-17 play computer, web, portable, or console games with nearly 31% of the sample playing games every day and about 21% of them playing three to five days a week (Lenhart et al., 2008). There are many different game ratings but Mature (M) is one of the popular ratings. This particular ratings warns the buyer of the violence, blood, gore and language the game may include and is said to be for individuals that are 18 years and older. Typically, action and first person shooter games such as Call of Duty, Halo and Assassin’s Creed are rated M. Who are more interested in these kinds of games? According to Lenhart et al. (2008) 12-14 year olds equally play M-rated games as their 15-17 year old correspondents and 79% of these game players are boys. Breuer, Vogelgesang, Quandt, Festl (2015) conducted an experiment to determine if physical aggression predicts theShow MoreRelatedEffects of Video Games on Childrens Behavior1744 Words   |  7 PagesAn analysis about the effects of video games on children behavior Effect of Video Games on Children’s Behavior Introduction Social scientists have been examining the effect that video games have on behavior. From the introduction of video games in the 1980s, there have been numerous research studies to this effect (Andersen Taylor, 2008). The issue has become even more significant in the modern context because these video games have become bloodier and more realistic than ever before. EvenRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effect On Human Behavior Essay2458 Words   |  10 Pagesincidents of violence and aggression that were attributed to, or subsequently associated with, video games. In this paper, I will determine the extent of influence that video games have had upon an individual’s decision to take such actions and what should be done to avoid such occurrences in the future. Looking into the world of video games I will explore research that has indicated the exposure to video games directly results in aggression or violent acts. Additionally, I examine research that hasRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Aggressive Behavior3708 Words   |  15 PagesThe Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Behavior: Potential Sex Differences study that was conducted by Bruce D. Bartholow, of University of Missouri – Columbia, and Craig A. Anderson, of Iowa State University, examined how playing a violent video game affected levels of aggression displayed in a laboratory setting. Recently, violent behavior in children and teenagers has gained more and more attention as video games have become more popular. The study mentions that, in contrast to EasternRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Human Behavior1602 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Games are a form of media that continues to grow throughout society. As it grows and becomes fully ad opted by adults and children alike, it seems as though a shroud of controversy follows suit. Many parents and those alike seem very afraid or reluctant to let their children play video games in today’s age. They fear for the long term affects such games might have on their children or even the short term effects. Many people see a correlation between aggressive behavior, violent moods, and bullyingRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Game On A Person Behavior Or Personality?1832 Words   |  8 PagesNowadays, games are enjoyed virtually by all types of players and backgrounds and parents are more involved in making sure that the ones their child plays are age-appropriate. Although, the initial concern of playing every video game is one that won’t affect a person behavior or personality to change. Most game that are been produced today are filled with the use of profanity, significant amount of sexual contents, and violence which is the fundamental part that is introduced to every game today. OnRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children s Behavior1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of violent video games on children’s behavior has been the major concern of numerous researchers over the last several decades. Indeed, a great number of researches conducted by psychologists show that regular exposure to violent video games has both long-term and short-term negative effects on a player’s behavior. Aggressiveness and lack of empathy are considered to be two main outcomes of constant playing games with violent content. However, it should be noted that the content is notRead MoreThe Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Behavior Essay2109 Words   |  9 Pagespopular being video games. Since their introduction, professionals and parents have become concerned with the addictive power that video games can have on people, particularly children and adolescents. Today, concern has shifted from the addictive effects of video game playing to the possible effects that they have on players’ aggression levels. As defining aggression as any thoughts or behaviors related with the intention to cause harm. Many scholars have been researching videogames effects on childrenRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Physical Activity And Social Behavior2244 Words   |  9 Pages The Effects of Video Games on Physical Activity And Social Behavior Lester Bulosan University of Central Florida â€Æ' The Effects of Video Games on Physical Activity And Social Behavior With video games becoming more popular with the younger population of adults and children, one would eventually begin to wonder what kind of effects this might bring to their physical and mental health as well as social interactions with others. Choices in games, such as being able to play the bad guyRead MoreThe Effects of Violent Video Games on the Behavior of Adolescents and Young People792 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Violent Video Games Introduction The debate about violent video games and whether or not those games influence the behavior of young people in particular, young boys has been going on for many years. There is no doubt that video games are very popular among pre-adolescents and adolescents. In fact, recent research in the New Hampshire Business Review (June, 2012) shows that 42% of the 300 boys that participated in a survey indicated they would rather play video games than play sports with otherRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Violent Behavior Among Young Children1525 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects of Video games on Violent Behavior among Young Children Julian A. Jaggon University of Central Florida The Effect of Video games on Violent Behavior among Young Children Just how popular are videogames? In today’s society very popular, not only do our kids and teenagers play video games but even grown men and women play them as well. Video games are now more popular than watching television or going to the movies. According to Center for

The Use of Force free essay sample

The story is narrated In first person by a doctor, who Is answering a house vials to see a sick girl. Fearing that she may have diphtheria, the doctor decides to check her throat. However, she refuses to open her mouth and the doctor uses force to restrain her and examine her throat with a spoon, which makes the girl very mad. The doctor finds that, against her own self-interest, the girl has hidden the symptoms of diphtheria from her parents and the doctor.The story is written without the use of quotation marks, and the dialogue is not distinguished from the narrators comments. The story is rendered from the subjective point of view of the doctor, and explores his subdued enjoyment of forcefully subduing the stubborn child in an attempt to acquire the throat sample. The overall theme of the story revolves around power and submission and the doctors unnerved feeling following the forceful encounter. The use of force They were new patients to me, all I had was the name, Olson. Please come down as non as you can, my daughter is very sick.When I arrived I was met by the mother, a big startled looking woman, very clean and apologetic who merely said, Is this the doctor? And let me In. In the back, she added. You must excuse us, doctor, we have her in the kitchen where it is warm. It is very damp here sometimes. The child was fully dressed and sitting on her fathers lap near the kitchen table. He tried to get up, but I motioned for him not to bother, took off my overcoat and started to look things over. I could see that they were all very nervous, eyeing me up and down stressfully.As often, in such cases, they werent telling me more than they had to, it was up to me to tell them; thats why they were spending three dollars on me. The child was fairly eating me up with her cold, steady eyes, and no expression to her face whatever. She did not move and seemed, Inwardly, quiet; an unusually attractive little thing, and as strong as a heifer in appearance. But her face was flushed, she was breathing rapidly, and I realized that she had a high fever. She had magnificent blonde hair, In profusion.One of those picture children often reproduced In advertising leaflets and the photographer sections of the Sunday papers. Shes had a fever for three days, began the father and we dont know what it comes from. My wife has given her things, you know, like people do, but it dont do no good. And theres been a lot of sickness around. So we thou youd better look her over and tell us what is the matter. As doctors often do I took a trial shot at it as a point of departure. Has she had a sore throat? Both parents answered me together, No No, she says her throat dont hurt her. Does your throat hurt you? Deed the mother to the child. But the little girls expression didnt change nor did she move her eyes from my face. Have you looked? I tried to, said the mother, but I couldnt see. As It happens we had been having a number of cases of diphtheria In the school to which this child went during that month and we were all, quite apparently, thinking of that, though no one had as yet spoken of the thing. Well, I said, suppose we take a childs first name I said, come on, Mantilla, open your mouth and lets take a look at your throat. Nothing doing. Awe, come on, I coaxed, Just open your mouth wide and let me take a look.Look, I said opening both hands wide, I havent anything in my hands. Just open up and let me see. Such a nice man, put in the mother. Look how kind he is to you. Come on, do what he tells you to. He wont hurt you. At that I ground my teeth in disgust. If only they wouldnt use the word hurt I might be able to get somewhere. But I did not allow myself to be hurried or disturbed but speaking quietly and slowly I approached the child again. As I moved my chair a little nearer suddenly with one catlike event both her hands clawed instinctively for my eyes and she almost reached them too. In fact she knocked my glasses flying and they fell, though unbroken, several feet away from me on the kitchen floor. Both the mother and father almost turned themselves inside out in embarrassment and apology. You bad girl, said the mother, taking her and shaking her by one arm. Look what youve done. The nice man For heavens sake, I broke in. Dont call me a nice man to her. Im here to look at her throat on the chance that she might have diphtheria and possibly die of it. But thats nothing to her. Look here, I said to the child, were going to look at your throat.Youre old enough to understand what Im saying. Will you open it now by yourself or shall we have to open it for you? Not a move. Even her expression hadnt changed. Her breaths however were coming faster and faster. Then the battle began. I had to do it. I had to have a throat culture for her own protection. But first I told the parents that it was entirely up to them. I explained the danger but said that I would not insist on a throat examination so long as they would take the responsibility. If you dont do hat the doctor says youll have to go to the hospital, the mother admonished her severely.Oh yeah? I had to smile to myself. After all, I had already fallen in love with the savage brat, the parents were contemptible to me. In the ensuing struggle they grew more and more abject, crushed, exhausted while she surely rose to magnificent heights of insane fury of effort bred of her terror of me. The father tried his best, and he was a big man but the fact that she was his daughter, his shame at her behavior and his dread of hurting her made him release her Just at the critical times when I ad almost achieved success, till I wanted to kill him.But his dread also that she might have diphtheria made him tell me to go on, go on though he himself was almost fainting, while the mother moved back and forth behind us raising and lowering her hands in an agony of apprehension. Put her in front of you on your lap, I ordered, and hold both her wrists. But as soon as he did the child let out a scream. Dont, youre hurting me. Let go of my hands. Let them go I tell you. Then she shrieked terrifyingly, hysterically. Stop it! Stop it! Youre killing me! Do you think she an stand it, doctor! Said the mother. You get out, said the husband to his wife. Do you want her to die of diphtheria? Come on now, hold her, I said. Then I grasped the childs head with my left hand and tried to get the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth. She fought, with clenched teeth, desperately! But now I also had grown furiousat a child. I tried to hold myself down but I couldnt. I know how to expose a throat for inspection. And I did my best. When finally I got the she opened up for an instant but before I could see anything she came down again ND gripping the wooden blade between her molars she reduced it to splinters before I could get it out again. Arent you ashamed, the mother yelled at her. Arena you ashamed to act like that in front of the doctor? Get me a smooth-handled spoon of some sort, I told the mother. Were going through with this. The childs mouth was already bleeding. Her tongue was cut and she was screaming in wild hysterical shrieks. Perhaps I should have desisted and come back in an hour or more. No doubt it would have been better. But I have seen at least two children lying dead in bed of select in such cases, and feeling that I must get a diagnosis now or never I went at it again.But the worst of it was that I too had got beyond reason. I could have torn the child apart in my own fury and enjoyed it. It was a pleasure to attack her. My face was burning with it. The damned little brat must be protected against her own idiocy, one says to ones self at such times. Others must be protected against her. It is a social necessity. And all these things are true. But a blind fury, a feeling of adult shame, bred of a longing for muscular release are the operatives. One goes on to the ND. In a final unreasoning assault I overpowered the childs neck and Jaws.I forced the heavy silver spoon back of her teeth and down her throat till she gagged. And there it wasboth tonsils covered with membrane. She had fought valiantly to keep me from knowing her secret. She had been hiding that sore throat for three days at least and lying to her parents in order to escape Just such an outcome as this. Now truly she was furious. She had been on the defensive before but now she attacked. Tried to get off her fathers lap and fly at me while tears of defeat blinded her eyes.

James Joyces The Dead Essays - Short Stories, Fiction,

James Joyce's The Dead Ariel Maraguglio Mr. White The Dead Essay September 25, 2000 James Joyce's significantly titled story The Dead is about a dead generation and society of people. Joyces decision to add Grettas reminiscing with the dead Michael Furey in The Dead is extremely important. Perhaps if Joyce decided to end the story after Gabriels speech or the setting up of the dinner party, we would still be left with a very pleasant short story. However, Joyce continues on with a significant encounter of the dead Michael Furey that uncovers a side Gabriel has never recognized of himself. The dead in The Dead bring out new realizations of Gabriels life and interfere with the way he is living it. Michael Furey is the final eruption of the past in The Dead. It causes Gabriel to feel his animalistic nature, a dull anger and the dull fires of his lust ( ), which is then replaced by shame. On the trip home, while he had been full of memories of their shared past, she had been comparing him in her mind with another. ( ) His rage gives way to shame and self-degradation: he Maraguglio 2 sees himself as a ludicrous figure, acting as a penny boy for his aunts, a nervous well-meaning sentimentalist orating to vulgarians and idealising his own clownish lusts. ( ) He overcomes his own shame and rage to draw the rest of the story out of his wife, Gretta: She was in love with Michael Furey, or as she says, great with him at the time. It is a wonderful phrase; she seems as if she is still great with Michael Furey and there is no room for Gabriel, her husband of so many years. Gabriel feels the hand of the past reaching forward to destroy the present, some impalpable and vindictive being was coming against him, gathering forces against him in its vague world. ( ) Gretta cries herself to sleep and Gabriel passes into one final mood, of acceptance. He now looks at Gretta unresentfully( ), and with a strange friendly pity ( ), even as he realizes how poor a part he has played in his wife's life. He recognizes that his love is not on the same plane as Michael Furey's because no one, not Gretta or another, has ever made Gabriel wish to die (the way Michael did for Gretta). Then Gabriel and his world Maraguglio 3 dissolve. Most likely he is falling asleep; but Joyce says that his soul had approached that region where dwell the vast hosts of the dead.( ) The dead, Michael Furey, is overcoming him. Gabriel, by his ideas, tastes, and sensitivities has been isolated from others, but always found support in his self-esteem. Michael Furey has destroyed this. Michael was first in Gretta's love and Gretta is incapable of perceiving the importance that this has for Gabriel. By introducing Michael Furey, Joyce provides an explanation to Gabriels statement in his speech: How living affections claim our strenuous endeavors. ( ) English Essays

Genre Theory Robocop Essay Example

Genre Theory Robocop Essay How genre theory applies to Robocop 1987 (Paul Verhoven) Genre theory is essentially a structuralised method of categorising films by common traits or conventions. The basis for genre theory comes from humans need to categorise things into neat sections and is one of the few film theories actually implemented more by the audience of films rather than film theorists and academics. ’ As intelligent entities, human beings have a natural proclivity towards organizing the components of the world around them into ordered filing systems. (lumiere revolution 2004). However most films in a genre actually share conventions with films from other genres and borrow styles from other genres to make hybrid genres such as action comedies, science fiction/horror etc. The genre of a film depends on many features that make up the film text itself, from narrative to settings and themes in the story which the film has in common with other films (conventions). A collection of films with similar con ventions which are grouped together make up a genre category such as horror, romance etc. The theory of semiotics also comes into genre as semiotics is essentially the language of signs such as red usually means danger, relating to genre signs are used to show the audience what type of film they are watching, visual cues such as the place setting or main characters which create the conventions of that genre. For example if someone goes to see a film in the action film genre they can expect to see a fast paced film with lots of spectacle possibly with special effects overshadowing the narrative, with the narrative usually based around conflict resolution. To look into how genre theory applies to Paul Verhoven’s Robocop (1987) it is useful to look at the science fiction genre and exactly what conventions go into putting a film into the science fiction genre. The main convention in a science fiction film is in the setting, often set in a futuristic utopia or dystopia on Earth or in space where technology plays a large part in people’s lives. A major theme seen in science fiction is technology, again it hinges on the premise of what the future holds, and is usually either man against machine or a commentary on mans over reliance on machines. We will write a custom essay sample on Genre Theory Robocop specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Genre Theory Robocop specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Genre Theory Robocop specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Science fiction films also often feature a social commentary on past events or present political or social issues which are paralleled in the film text. Refer to films like Paul Verhoven’s Starship Troopers 1997, which is essentially world war two in space and the theme of the Terminator films which features machines becoming so intelligent they nearly wipe out mankind, reflection on the increasing reliance on computers to do pretty much everything. The reason I have chosen Robocop to apply genre theory to is simply because it is a very clear example of all the conventions which place a film in the science fiction genre. The setting makes it an obvious example of a science fiction film, set in a futuristic dystopia (not ideal future) where the city of Detroit is run by big companies who have privatised the police force (social commentary on privatisation in America at the time, health care etc. The future setting is a standard science fiction convention which clues the audience into what genre this film fits into as soon as they see the setting. The main story arc is centred on a project to create a robotic super police officer, future technology being another major convention of the genre. To bring the robots to life on screen require some very impressive special effects which again is something that the science fiction audience has come to expect in order to make the setting and subject matter of the genre believable. As I mentioned earlier science fiction films also tend to have subliminal commentaries on social issues and Robocop is no exception. The transformation of America into a consumerist nation is a big theme that runs clearly through this film, everything is about selling products, even the police force has been privatised and is treated as a product. Robocop is even directly referred to as a product when the subject of his name comes up Bob Morten simply states ‘He doesn’t have a name, he has a programme, he’s a product’ (Robocop . P. Verhoven 1987). Verhoven also stages commercials throughout the film advertising fictional futuristic products again suggesting consumerism as a theme, even the main company in the film is called Omni Consumer Products. Replacing old with new is also a major part of the film, not only in the sense of Murphey being rebuilt into Robocop but also OCP’s plans to demolish old Detroit in favour of building Delta city, a city they can have total control over much like they have control over Robocop by programming him. Omni consumer products or OCP, a company that functions as the unseen and seemingly irresistible casual principle, as it sets about redesigning the human environment – replacing old Detroit with the gleaming modern planned community of Delta City, complete as we learn , even to an element of planned crime and corruption. ’ (J. P. Telotte Science Fiction Film pg 166) The main plot is about OCP creating a super cop robot that doesn’t have the frail ties of a human being, there are two projects seen in the film the first to be tried out is the Ed 2009 project which is totally made of mechanical parts and is run by a computer. The Ed 2009 project ultimately fails suggesting that with no human element to control the machines cannot function properly, rather than the other way round. The Robocop project is a combination of human and machine, with the brain programmed to take orders from OCP, with the human brain and mechanical body the project is a success which is perhaps a reference the ability of humans to think for themselves rather than blindly following orders that may not be applicable in the context of the situation. Robocop is in my opinion a shining example of what makes a science fiction film fit into its genre, this is supported by the very conventions of the science fiction genre, it has a distinct future setting which raises questions on what the future might hold, technology is also a major theme which is so often the case in the science fiction genre and also raises questions about morality and socialist issues. So just by looking at this film in particular you can use it as an example to show exactly what the typical conventions of a science fiction film should be. Film Theory Explication. Bibliography. Web Sites: * http://www. main-vision. com/richard/genre. shtml * http://lumierevolution. blogspot. com/2004/10/genre-theory-science-fiction. html Internet source: An introduction to genre theory – Daniel Chandler. Texts: An Introduction to genre theory – Daniel Chandler. Science Fiction Film – J. P. Telotte. The Science Fiction Film as an uncanny text – pg 161 – 178 – J. P. Telotte. Filmography. Robocop – P. Verhoven 1987. Starship Troopers – P. Verhoven 1997 The Terminator- J. Cameron 1984 Terminator 2 – J. Cameron 1991

Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Energy Flow in Ecosystems If there is only one thing you learn about ecosystems, it should be that all of the living residents of an ecosystem are dependent upon one another for their survival. But what does that dependence look like?   Each organism living in an ecosystem plays an important role in the flow of energy within the food web. The role of a bird is very different from that of a flower. But both are equally necessary to the overall survival of the ecosystem, and all of the other living creatures within it. Ecologists have defined three ways that living creatures use energy and interact with one another. Organisms are defined as producers, consumers, or decomposers. Here is a look at each of these roles and their place within an ecosystem. Producers The main role of producers is to capture the energy from the sun and convert it into food. Plants, algae, and some bacteria are producers. Using a process called photosynthesis, producers use the suns energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into food energy. They earn their name, because- unlike the other organisms in an ecosystem- they can actually produce their own food. Produces are the original source of all food within an ecosystem. In most ecosystems, the sun is the source of energy that producers use to create energy. But in a few rare cases- such as ecosystems found in rocks deep beneath the ground- bacterial producers can use the energy found in a gas called hydrogen sulfide, that is found within the environment, to create food even in the absence of sunlight! Consumers Most organisms in an ecosystem cannot make their own food. They depend upon other organisms to meet their food needs. They are called consumers- because that is what they do- consume. Consumers can be broken down into three classifications: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Herbivores are consumers that only eat plants. Deer and caterpillars are herbivores found commonly in a number of environments.Carnivores are consumers that only eat other animals. Lions and spiders are examples of carnivores. There is a special category of carnivore called scavengers. Scavengers are animals that eat only dead animals. Catfish and vultures are examples of scavengers.Omnivores are consumers that eat both plants and animals depending upon the season and availability of food. Bears, most birds, and humans are omnivores. Decomposers Consumers and producers can live together nicely, but after some time, even the vultures and catfish would not be able to keep up with all of the dead bodies that would pile up of the years. Thats where decomposers come in. Decomposers are organisms that break down and feed off of the waste and dead organisms within an ecosystem. Decomposers are natures built-in recycling system. By breaking down materials- from dead trees to the waste from other animals, decomposers return nutrients to the soil and create another food source for herbivores and omnivores within the ecosystem. Mushrooms and bacteria are common decomposers. Every living creature in an ecosystem has a role to play. Without producers, consumers and decomposers would not survive because they would have no food to eat. Without consumers, the populations of producers and decomposers would grow out of control. And without decomposers, producers and consumers would soon become buried in their own waste. Classifying organisms by their role within an ecosystem helps ecologists understand how food and energy ebb and flows in the environment. This movement of energy is usually diagrammed using food chains or food webs. While a food chain shows one path along which energy can move through an ecosystem, food webs show all of the overlapping ways that organisms live with and depend upon one another. Energy Pyramids Energy pyramids are another tool that ecologists use to understand the role of organisms within an ecosystem and how much energy is available at each stage of a food web. Most of the energy in an ecosystem is available at the producer level. As you move up on the pyramid, the amount of available energy decreases significantly. In general, only about 10 percent of the available energy from one level of the energy pyramid transfers to the next level. the remaining 90 percent of energy is either utilized by the organisms within that level or lost to the environment as heat.   The energy pyramid shows how ecosystems naturally limit the number of each type of organism it can sustain. Organisms that occupy the top level of the pyramid- tertiary consumers- have the least amount of available energy. Therefore their numbers are limited by the number of producers within an ecosystem.

American History Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American History - Dissertation Example Ultimately, the discovery of tobacco allowed Virginia to prosper. The documents of incorporation for Virginia show that it was always intended as a business venture, chartered by the queen for profit, and not a fully fledged colony. This would help lead to the Revolutionary War, as the British felt that their colonists were generally British citizens who just happened to be making money for them and not fully-fledged colonists. Puritans in Massachusetts, meanwhile, wanted to create a utopian community, one free from evil and un-Christianity, a shining light on the hill for the world. The Mayflower Compact illustrates a desire to have some kind of localized democracy, but it's important to note that in many ways Massachussetts would be called undemocratic now, because of its radical religious interpretations and punishments for defiance. The distinction between them played out in establishing much of the course of American history. In the North like Massachusetts, civil society and in tegration due to closely connected cities would create a different culture from the South where farmers spent a lot of their time apart and civil society was far less powerful. The North did not have slaves, but it did participate in the slave trade; the Southerners bought slaves.